ReviewFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Evolution and Evaluation of Ultra-Low Temperature Freezers: A Comprehensive Literature Review.
Review in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review paper addresses the design and testing of ultra-low temperature (ULT) freezers, highlighting their critical functions in various industries, particularly foods, medicine, and research. ULT freezers operating at temperatures of -86 °C and lower have come a long way with improvements in freezing technology, for instance, from traditional vapor compression systems to new multi-stage refrigeration technologies. This progress has added operational reliability and energy efficiency, essential for preserving delicate samples and facilitating groundbreaking research. The article deeply explores the contribution of refrigerants to ULT freezer efficiency and sustainability. With the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), previously reliant on them, being prohibited due to environmental concerns, the sector opted for environmentally friendly substitutes like hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), natural refrigerants, and hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs). Regulatory compliance is ensured by rigid validation protocols to guarantee ULT freezers are safe and meet quality requirements without compromising the integrity of the stored material. In addition to their wide-ranging advantages, ULT freezers also have disadvantages, such as energy efficiency, incorporating automation, the integration of IoT and AI for proactive maintenance, and the development of environmentally sustainable refrigerants. Adequate management strategies, including regular employee training and advanced monitoring systems, are vital to counteract threats from temperature variations and reduce long-term diminished performance. Finally, subsequent innovations in ULT freezer technology will not only aid in research and medical initiatives but also support sustainable practices, ensuring their core role as beacons of innovation in preserving the quality of precious biological materials and increasing public health gains.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.