ArticleBMC oral health2025
Biogenic amorphous calcium phosphate: a sustainable alternative for dentin remineralization.
Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Physicochemical and remineralisation properties of calcium silicate and glass ionomer cements applied in simulated caries-affected dentine.European journal of oral sciences · 2026Article
- Advanced biomimetic mineralization approaches for enamel and dentin regeneration: a review.Odontology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDentin demineralization weakens tooth integrity, requiring effective remineralization approaches. Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) is commonly used to deliver calcium and phosphate ions for dentin repair. However, synthetic ACP (SACP) often exhibits instability and limited antibacterial properties. In contrast, biogenic ACP (BACP), derived from eggshell waste, presents a sustainable alternative with potential advantages.
objectiveThis study aimed to compare the remineralization potential of SACP and BACP by evaluating their ability to restore microhardness, tubular occlusion, and crystal deposit formation. Antibacterial efficacy against S. mutans and L. acidophilus was also assessed.
methodsBACP was synthesized from eggshell waste using thermal and chemical processes, while SACP was commercially obtained. Both materials were characterized using SEM, EDX, FTIR, and XRD, with biocompatibility verified via MTT assay. Dentin specimens (n = 36) were demineralized (pH 4.5, 72 h) and divided into BACP, SACP, and control groups. Remineralization efficacy was assessed using pH-cycling, Vickers microhardness, SEM-EDX, and XRD. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar diffusion method and biofilm disruption was analyzed through fluorescence microscopy against S. mutans and L. acidophilus. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test.
resultsSEM revealed that BACP had a more uniform, densely packed structure compared to SACP. Microhardness testing showed BACP-treated samples had the highest post-treatment hardness (59.97 HV), followed by SACP (53.80 HV) and control (42.30 HV). EDX showed a higher Ca/P ratio in BACP (1.64) compared to SACP (1.54), closely resembling hydroxyapatite. BACP exhibited superior antibacterial activity in both agar diffusion and biofilm disruption analyses.
conclusionBACP, derived from eggshell waste, demonstrated superior remineralization and antibacterial potential, making it a promising alternative to SACP for dentin repair. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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