Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40646488›Full record

ArticleBMC medical ethics2025

Cultural and ethical barriers to implementing end-of-life advance care planning among oncology nursing professionals: a content analysis of open-ended questions.

Yi-An Shih, Cheng Wang, Jiahui Ding, Yuhong Zhou, Qian Lu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medical ethics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  3. Lessons from the field: culturally grounded approaches to recruiting Chinese American immigrant cancer patients to psycho-oncology trials.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yi-An Shih *School of Nursing, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3528-0295
Cheng Wang *Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9738-8918
Jiahui DingHohhot Customs Port Outpatient Department, Hohhot International Travel Health Care Center, Hohhot, China.
Yuhong ZhouChina Fire and Rescue Institute, Beijing, China.
Qian LuSchool of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China. luqian@bjmu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0003-2611-3284

Funding

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region High-Level Talent Research Support Fund 186Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region talent development Fund 2023Inner Mongolia Medical University General Project YKD2022MS005Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 2023QN08002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAdvance care planning (ACP), a cornerstone of ethical end-of-life care, upholds patient autonomy. However, its practice in Confucian-influenced societies, like China, is significantly shaped by cultural norms where family preferences often precede individual choice. This study explored cultural and ethical barriers to ACP implementation among oncology nursing professionals, focusing on tensions between patient-centered care and deeply rooted social norms.

methodsA qualitative thematic analysis was conducted on open-ended responses from oncology hospitals across 22 provinces, 4 municipal cities, and 5 autonomous regions in China. Data were collected via a cross-sectional online survey and analyzed using Braun and Clarke's framework to identify patterns in cultural, ethical, and communicative challenges.

resultsA total of 838 oncology nursing professionals participated in the study. Three main interdependent barriers emerged: (1) Cultural norms, including filial piety (15.6% of codes) and death-related taboos (11.0%), often led to family-mediated decision-making (33.1%) over patient autonomy; (2) Ethical dilemmas involved neglecting patient preferences (24.3%) and conflicts between life-prolonging treatments and quality-of-life considerations (8.1%); (3) Communication challenges arose from information asymmetry (7.9%) and power imbalances, which often silenced patient voices. These factors collectively created systemic obstacles to ACP implementation.

conclusionsContext-specific ACP strategies in China should integrate Confucian ethics into nursing education, support ethics consultation, and develop culturally sensitive communication models. Future research must assess these interventions' impact on balancing cultural values and patient autonomy, advancing equitable end-of-life care in culturally diverse healthcare systems.

trial registrationNot applicable.

Indexed as

Advance Care PlanningOncology NursingTerminal CareAdultAttitude of Health PersonnelChinaCross-Sectional StudiesDecision MakingFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPatient-Centered CarePatient PreferencePersonal AutonomyQualitative ResearchAdvance care planningCultural sensitivityEthical communicationFamily decision-makingNursing ethicsPatient autonomy

Identifiers

PMID40646488
PMCPMC12247472

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.