ReviewBMC medical education2025
The combined impact of AI and VR on interdisciplinary learning and patient safety in healthcare education: a narrative review.
Review in BMC medical education, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of AI-enhanced virtual patients for psychiatric interview training in health professions education: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Global trends and thematic clusters in healthcare professional education, medical errors, and patient safety: a bibliometric analysis, 2000-2026.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Assessing digital health curriculum needs: a mixed-methods study of student and faculty perspectives in a Singapore medical school.Medical education online · 2026Article
- Reimagining pain procedural education through spatial education co-presence through recorded avatar (SPECTRA) lessons.Interventional pain medicine · 2026Article
- Preliminary evaluation of an AI-enhanced simulated interprofessional learning intervention for pharmacy students: a mixed-methods pilot study.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Metaverse-based objective structured clinical examinations: an exploratory approach to advancing clinical competency assessment.Korean journal of medical education · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence-Integrated Virtual Reality in Mental Health Care: A Scoping Review of Evidence, Clinical Applications, and Future Directions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- The Augmented Cytopathologist: A Conceptual Exploratory Narrative Review on Immersive and Vision-Language Models Tools in Digital Pathology.Journal of imaging · 2026Review
- Enhancing dental clinical education through AI: insights into post-clinical summaries.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Stepping into the virtual ward: a qualitative study on first-year residents' experiences with VR simulation.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Evaluating Feature-Based Homography Pipelines for Dual-Camera Registration in Acupoint Annotation.Journal of imaging · 2025Article
- Modeling the evolution of virtual reality in nursing education: a BERTopic-based analysis of research trends and future directions.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- A Novel Macro-Level Model in Evaluating Health and Safety Training Based on Virtual Reality.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Optimizing immersive learning in crisis management: cognitive and psychological mechanisms of VR training.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe increasing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Virtual Reality (VR) in healthcare education offers innovative ways to enhance collaborative learning and improve patient safety. This narrative review examines the synergistic impact of AI-powered virtual reality (VR) simulations, such as those used in surgical training and patient communication, on knowledge acquisition, clinical skill development, and collaborative competencies among healthcare students. It also explores long-term knowledge retention, ethical considerations within virtual scenarios, and the psychological impact of high-stakes simulations on learner resilience.
methodsThis review is distinguished by its exhaustive literature search, which spanned PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Google Scholar, and other pertinent databases, to identify studies published between 2005 and 2024. The distinct focus on AI and VR interventions in healthcare education, particularly those with outcomes related to interdisciplinary learning or patient safety, distinguishes this review. Data were thematically analyzed across domains, including adaptive learning, technical skill development, teamwork, patient safety, and ethics.
resultsThe findings of this review carry significant practical implications. Five key themes emerged: adaptive learning (n = 17), immersive skill development (n = 10), teamwork enhancement (n = 10), patient safety (n = 18), and ethical considerations (n = 21). These themes underscore the potential of AI and VR in healthcare education. AI-driven adaptive systems enabled personalized VR training, enhancing engagement and knowledge retention. Real-time AI feedback during simulations improved decision-making in safe, controlled environments. Interdisciplinary team simulations enhanced communication and collaboration, which are crucial for effective clinical care. Ethical modules embedded in VR scenarios promoted moral reasoning. Several studies also reported increased learner confidence in performing clinical procedures following VR training, suggesting enhanced preparedness for practice.
conclusionThe integration of AI and VR holds the potential to revolutionize healthcare education, fostering personalized, immersive, and ethically informed learning. These technologies enhance technical proficiency and equip students with the complex demands of modern clinical practice. Strategic implementation can contribute to error reduction, improved patient outcomes, and a culture of safety. However, the journey is not over. Continued research is crucial for assessing the long-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness of these educational innovations, as well as for keeping pace with the rapidly evolving field of AI and VR in healthcare education.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.