Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40646292›Full record

ArticleBiochemical genetics2026

Study on the Effect of Antibiotics on the Efficacy of PD-1 Inhibitors and Its Regulatory Mechanism via the Intestinal Bacterial Community.

Xuebing Zhou, Liyuan Liu, Xue Wang, Dan Jiang, Xiaoliang Xie, Qi Liang, Fan Gong, Xiaoling Ding

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Biochemical genetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Xuebing Zhou *Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China.
Liyuan Liu *Department of Central, Laboratory People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
Xue WangDepartment of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, No.301 Zhengyuan North Street, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia, China.
Dan JiangSchool of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
Xiaoliang XieDepartment of Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750003, China.
Qi LiangDepartment of General Surgery Centre Gastrointestinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China.
Fan GongDepartment of Orthopaedic Centre Hand-Foot Surgery, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China.
Xiaoling DingDepartment of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, No.301 Zhengyuan North Street, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia, China. 3-Dxl@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of antibiotics on the therapeutic efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors and their association with the intestinal microbiota. Using a Hepa1-6 hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model, various antibiotics (vancomycin, colistin, and combination antibiotics) were administered alongside a PD-1 inhibitor. The results indicated that antibiotic treatment significantly altered the intestinal microbiota composition, with vancomycin and the combination antibiotics notably reducing PD-1 inhibitor efficacy. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that antibiotic-induced selective pressure profoundly impacted both the diversity and abundance of the microbiota. Specifically, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes was significantly diminished following vancomycin treatment, correlating with reduced PD-1 inhibitor efficacy. Further analysis of the tumor immune microenvironment revealed no significant changes in the CD8

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsCarcinoma, HepatocellularGastrointestinal MicrobiomeImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsLiver NeoplasmsProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorAnimalsCell Line, TumorMaleMiceRNA, Ribosomal, 16STumor MicroenvironmentVancomycinAnti-Bacterial AgentsImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsPdcd1 protein, mouseProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorRNA, Ribosomal, 16SVancomycinAntibioticsGut microbiotaImmunotherapyPD-1 inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID40646292

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.