Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40646140›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Medium-expansion water-based foam depopulation of sheep and goats.

Janice Y Park, Magnus R Campler, Ting-Yu Cheng, Justin D Kieffer, Brad L Youngblood, Jorge A Vidaurre, Timothy Held, Mark Flint, Michael D Cressman, Talita P Resende and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Janice Y ParkDepartment of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Magnus R CamplerDepartment of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Ting-Yu ChengDepartment of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Justin D KiefferOffice of the Attending Veterinarian, Enterprise for Research, Innovation, and Knowledge, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Brad L YoungbloodDepartment of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Jorge A VidaurreDivision of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Timothy HeldDivision of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Mark FlintDepartment of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Michael D CressmanDepartment of Animal Sciences, The College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Talita P ResendeDepartment of Animal Sciences, The College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Collin KramerDepartment of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Lori L MattoxUniversity Lab Animal Resources, Enterprise for Research, Innovation and Knowledge, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Andréia G ArrudaDepartment of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Andrew S BowmanDepartment of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. bowman.214@osu.edu.

Funding

USDA National Animal Disease Preparedness and Response Program AP23VSSP0000C029
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Water-based foam (WBF) is an effective depopulation method for poultry, pigs, and cattle. We evaluated WBF as an effective means for the depopulation of sheep and goats. First, anesthetized sheep and goats (N = 6 per species) were terminated to prove lethality. Then, conscious animals (N = 58 sheep, 60 goats) were observed for distress behaviors during foam administration, with a subset of animals implanted with bio-loggers to determine time to cessation of movement (COM) and cardiac death. Two vocalizations were counted in sheep, while no distress behaviors were observed in goats. Average times (mm: ss ± SD) to COM and fatal cardiac rhythm were 03:05 ± 00:13 and 11:09 ± 04:32 in sheep, and 02:55 ± 00:14 and 11:01 ± 05:18 min in goats, respectively. In a separate trial, electroencephalogram (EEG) waveforms were captured (N = 13 per species) to determine time to cortical death. Average time from WBF application to transitional EEG and isoelectric EEG was 02:40 ± 00:12 and 04:10 ± 00:13 in sheep and 01:48 ± 00:14 and 3:28 ± 00:19 in goats, respectively. Based on our findings, we found WBF to be a reliable and efficient method for depopulating adult sheep and goats.

Indexed as

Euthanasia, AnimalWaterAnimalsElectroencephalographyGoatsSheepWaterDisaster planningDiseaseEuthanasiaSmall ruminantWelfare

Identifiers

PMID40646140
PMCPMC12254309

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.