Trial reportArchives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists2025
Profiles of Individuals With Long COVID Reporting Persistent Cognitive Complaints.
Trial report in Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05167266 (Immediate and Long Term Cognitive Improvement After Cognitive Versus Emotion Management Psychoeducation Programs), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Immediate and Long Term Cognitive Improvement After Cognitive Versus Emotion Management Psychoeducation Programs: a Randomised Trial in Covid Patients With Neuropsychological Difficulties
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cognitive and affective psychoeducation for Long COVID: a randomized controlled trial.Brain communications · 2025Trial
- Evaluating contributions of neuropsychological, psychiatric, and inflammatory processes to the expression of cognitive symptoms in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveA subset of COVID-19 patients continues to experience cognitive difficulties 24 months post-infection. The factors driving these symptoms are complex, and the underlying pathophysiology is unclear. This study aimed to characterize individuals with Long COVID reporting cognitive issues.
methodOne hundred twenty-three patients underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation resulting from the baseline of an RCT study (COVCOG), along with questionnaires assessing cognitive complaints, fatigue, sleep difficulties, quality of life, psychological distress, and impact on daily activities. Latent Profile Analyses on cognitive scores were conducted to investigate the presence of different patient profiles. Robust analyses of variance and Pearson's chi-square examined the profiles' effects on demographic variables and questionnaire scores.
resultsPatients had had predominantly mild to moderate infections (87.8%) and were assessed an average of 20.9 (±8.6) months post-infection. Neuropsychological assessment showed cognitive impairment in at least one domain in 72% of the patients, mainly in attention and executive functions. Over 80% reported sleep problems and fatigue, 97% concentration problems, and some 80% memory and word-finding problems. The self-report questionnaires also revealed significant complaints. Three profiles emerged (all ps < .001). Profiles 1 and 2 both experienced widespread cognitive issues; Profile 1 patients expressed more complaints about cognitive functioning and daily fatigue (all ps < .045). Patients in Profile 3 were more frequently men (all ps < .049) with a specific impairment of verbal long-term memory and fewer complaints.
conclusionsThe study identifies three different profiles of individuals with Long COVID, highlighting the need for comprehensive evaluations including neuropsychological, psychological, somatic, and functional aspects to implement effective, tailored interventions. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05167266.
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