Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40643874›Full record

ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2026

Does Race/Ethnicity Affect Secondary Bladder and Rectal Cancer Rates After Prostate Cancer Radiation? Results from a Population-Based Study.

Mario de Angelis, Carolin Siech, Letizia Maria Ippolita Jannello, Francesco Di Bello, Natali Rodriguez Peñaranda, Pietro Scilipoti, Jordan A Goyal, Zhe Tian, Nicola Longo, Ottavio de Cobelli and 10 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Mario de AngelisCancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada. deangelis.mario@hsr.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-0494-7839
Carolin SiechCancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Letizia Maria Ippolita JannelloCancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Francesco Di BelloCancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Natali Rodriguez PeñarandaDepartment of Urology, Ospedale Policlinico E Nuovo Ospedale Civile S. Agostino Estense Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Pietro ScilipotiDivision of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
Jordan A GoyalCancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Zhe TianCancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Nicola LongoDepartment of Neurosciences, Science of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.
Ottavio de CobelliDepartment of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy.
Gennaro MusiDepartment of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy.
Felix K H ChunGoethe University Frankfurt Am Main, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
Salvatore MicaliDepartment of Urology, Ospedale Policlinico E Nuovo Ospedale Civile S. Agostino Estense Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Fred SaadCancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Shahrokh F ShariatDepartment of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
Giorgio GandagliaDivision of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
Marco MoschiniDivision of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
Francesco MontorsiDivision of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
Alberto BrigantiDivision of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
Pierre I KarakiewiczCancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIt is unknown whether race/ethnicity affects the risk of secondary bladder cancer (BCa) or rectal cancer (RCa) after external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) or brachytherapy (BT) for prostate cancer (PCa). MATERIALS AND

methodsWithin the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004-2020), we focused on Caucasians, Hispanics, African Americans (AAs), and Asian/Pacific Islanders (APIs). Cumulative incidence plots and competing risks regression (CRR) models were fitted. We tested for secondary BCa and RCa rates after either EBRT or BT relative to radical prostatectomy (RP) patients, in whom no radiation therapy was used. Additionally, we performed an interaction analysis to assess whether the effect of radiation therapy on secondary malignancy risk differed across racial groups.

resultsOf 285,859 patients, 202,421 (71%) were Caucasians, 41,719 (15%) AAs, 26,705 (9%) Hispanics, and 15,014 (5%) APIs. After EBRT, secondary BCa increase was HR 1.4 in Caucasians, HR 1.7 in AAs, HR 2.1 in APIs, and HR 2.2 in Hispanics relative to radiation-unexposed RP patients. Similarly, after BT, secondary BCa increase was HR 1.5 in Caucasians, HR 1.7 in AAs, HR 2.3 in APIs, and HR 2.4 in Hispanics. Regarding RCa, after EBRT, secondary RCa increase was HR 1.5 in Caucasians and HR 1.3 in both AAs and Hispanics. Similarly, after BT, relative secondary RCa increase was HR 1.4 in Caucasians and HR 1.5 in both AAs and Hispanics. No increase was recorded in APIs after EBRT (p = 0.09) either BT (p = 0.7). Finally, the interaction analysis were inconclusive whether the relative effect of EBRT/BT differ between races, while it suggested a baseline difference in the risk of secondary tumor between Caucasian and non-Caucasian race/ethnicities.

conclusionRadiation exposure does not result in major differences dictated by race or ethnicity when secondary BCa and RCa are considered, as the relative risk increase appears consistent across racial groups. Conversely, it appears that baseline risk (independent of radiation therapy) is inherently lower in non-Caucasian populations.

Indexed as

EthnicityNeoplasms, Radiation-InducedNeoplasms, Second PrimaryProstatic NeoplasmsRacial GroupsRectal NeoplasmsUrinary Bladder NeoplasmsAgedBlack or African AmericanBrachytherapyHispanic or LatinoHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedNative Hawaiian or Pacific IslanderBladder cancerBrachytherapyExternal beam radiation therapyProstate cancerRace/ethnicityRadical prostatectomyRadiotherapyRectal cancer

Identifiers

PMID40643874

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.