Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40643825›Full record

SynthesisInternational urology and nephrology2026

Bladder neck contracture post-treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical studies.

Benjamin M Mac Curtain, Behzad Abbasi, Lynn Leng, Ankith Maremanda, Marvin Carlisle, Nizar Hakam, Kevin Li, Anna Faris, Mikołaj Frankiewicz, Benjamin N Breyer

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International urology and nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Benjamin M Mac Curtain *Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. benjaminmaccurtain@rcsi.com.
Behzad Abbasi *Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Lynn LengDepartment of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Ankith MaremandaDepartment of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Marvin CarlisleDepartment of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Nizar HakamDepartment of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Kevin LiDepartment of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Anna FarisDepartment of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Mikołaj FrankiewiczDepartment of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Benjamin N Breyer *Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo systematically evaluate the incidence of bladder neck contracture (BNC) following surgical treatments for benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).

methodsA systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL was conducted to identify randomized, prospective trials reporting BNC following BPH surgery up to October 29, 2024. Eligible studies included adults, compared two surgical methods, and had at least two years of follow-up, to ensure adequate time for BNC development. Proportions were pooled and risk ratios were produced using random effects models.

resultsEleven studies comprising 1,536 patients with 2-year follow-up were included. The pooled incidence of BNC following all included BPH surgeries was 3% (95% CI 2-5). The BNC rate was 9% (95% CI 4-15) for photosensitive photo-selective vaporization of the prostate (PVP), 3% (95% CI 2-5) for transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), and 3% (95% CI 1-5) for holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). TURP and HoLEP were not associated with an increased risk of BNC compared to alternative treatments including transurethral incision of the prostate, HoLEP, PVP, thulium laser resection of the prostate, diode laser vaporization of the prostate or laparoscopic simple prostatectomy for TURP, and TURP, open prostatectomy, and bipolar enucleation of the prostate for HoLEP. We observed log risk ratios, regarding BNC formation, of 0.19 (95% CI - 0.70 to 1.08) and - 0.34 (95% CI - 1.41 to 0.73), for TURP and HoLEP, respectively. Smaller prostate size and anticoagulant use were linked to BNC formation. The preferred treatment for BNC was bladder neck/prostate incision or re-resection.

conclusionsBNC is a relatively uncommon complication following surgical treatment for BPH. HoLEP and TURP are not associated with an increased risk of BNC compared to other methods of surgical treatment, while smaller prostate size may be a potential risk factor. Further research is needed to identify modifiable factors and assess outcomes of emerging treatments.

Indexed as

ContracturePostoperative ComplicationsProstatectomyProstatic HyperplasiaUrinary Bladder Neck ObstructionHumansIncidenceMaleRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicBladder neck contractureEndo-urologyHolmium laser enucleation of the prostateReconstructionTransurethral resection of prostate

Identifiers

PMID40643825

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.