ArticleVeterinary research communications2025
Cerebrospinal fluid estradiol fluctuations during the estrous cycle and their association with intraocular pressure and optic nerve sheath diameter in dogs: a first report.
Article in Veterinary research communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Progesterone is inversely associated with optic nerve sheath diameter in dogs: a cross-sectional analysis.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveThe relationship between optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), an indicator of intracranial pressure (ICP), and intraocular pressure (IOP) is controversial. The two aims of this study were; first, to investigate the effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels on ONSD and second, to investigate the relationship between ONSD and IOP in female dogs.
methodsIOP measurements were performed using rebound tonometer, and transpalpebral ultrasonographic assessment of the ONSD was conducted. CSF samples were collected, and E2 and P4 levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Multiple regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationships among the variables.
resultsMultiple regression analyses on dogs found that the level of cerebrospinal fluid estradiol level (CSF-E2) significantly influenced left (L) ONSD (p = 0.0421, R² = 0.1551) and right (R) ONSD (p = 0.0216, R² = 0.1938). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was a significant independent variable for left intraocular pressure (LIOP) (p = 0.0122, R² = 0.2261), while body weight was a significant predictor for right intraocular pressure (RIOP) (p = 0.0008, R² = 0.3679).
conclusionsThis study revealed that CSF-E2 levels exert a significant influence on ONSD in dogs, whereas no direct association was observed between IOP and ONSD. These findings underscore the notion that ONSD is modulated not only by hemodynamic mechanisms but also by hormonal regulation.
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