Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40643724›Full record

ReviewCurrent urology reports2025

Current Applications and Limitations of Augmented Reality in Urological Surgery: A Practical Primer and 'State of the Field'.

Vivian L Wang, Lucille G Cheng, Toby S Zhu, Shyam Patnaik, Tatum Tarin

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Current urology reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Vivian L WangUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Lucille G ChengUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Toby S ZhuDepartment of Urology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Shyam PatnaikDepartment of Urologic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
Tatum TarinUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. tarintv@upmc.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewTo provide a primer for how augmented reality (AR)-guided surgical technology works at a fundamental level and discuss recent advances and limitations in a rapidly advancing field, including studies aiming to reduce current issues limiting wider adoption. RECENT

findingsAmong the studies published within the last five years, AR-guided technologies have advanced from pre-operative planning to intraoperative use in procedures including robot-assisted radical prostatectomy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and renal transplantation. Artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning techniques have allowed for development of automatic registration to address challenges with soft tissue deformation. Subspecialities which may benefit from further AR/MR adoption include reconstructive and andrology, which were underrepresented in our review. Augmented reality refers to the process of superimposing digital information (e.g., preoperative imaging) on top of the physical world. Along with its interactive counterpart, mixed reality (MR), AR has become an area of sustained research interest in the urological surgery space. This technology has significant implications for surgical accuracy, efficiency, and medical education. As a result, it is critical for clinicians to both be aware of advancements in the field and understand the basics of this technology. We discuss articles published from March 2021 to February 2025, across a range of urologic procedures and applications, and discuss how recent trends point to a shift towards higher-powered, prospective studies incorporating intraoperative usage of AR/MR.

Indexed as

Augmented RealitySurgery, Computer-AssistedUrologic Surgical ProceduresHumansRobotic Surgical ProceduresAugmented realityMatchingMixed realityRegistrationUrology

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.