ArticleCells2025
Ciprofloxacin Exerts Anti-Tumor Effects In Vivo Through cGAS-STING Activation and Modulates Tumor Microenvironment.
Article in Cells, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Levofloxacin enhances 5-fluorouracil efficacy in colorectal cancer by activating the DDR-TP53-mitochondrial apoptosis axis.iScience · 2026Article
- Ciprofloxacin beyond antibacterial therapy: pharmacological mechanisms, anticancer activity, and translational limitations.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Targeting the Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase-Stimulator of Interferon Genes Pathway: An Emerging Therapeutic Strategy for Digestive Diseases.Clinical and translational gastroenterology · 2026Review
- An Active-Targeted ZIF8-Based Nanotheranostic Platform for Ultrasound Imaging-Guided Synergistic Therapy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- PM2.5 exacerbates house dust mite-induced allergic rhinitis via STING-mediated nasal epithelial barrier disruption.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Immunotherapy targeting the immune functions of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is beneficial for colorectal cancer; however, the response rate is poor. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone-class antibiotic that is used to treat bacterial infections. The purpose of this study is to assess the mechanism of ciprofloxacin that enhances anti-PD1 in colorectal cancer. We found that ciprofloxacin induced cytosolic DNA, including single-stranded and double-stranded DNA, formation in mouse CT26 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Molecules in DNA-sensing signaling such as cGAS, STING, and IFNβ mRNA and protein expression were elicited after ciprofloxacin treatment in CT26 cells. STING siRNA abrogated the cGAS-STING pathway activation by ciprofloxacin. In vivo, ciprofloxacin exhibited a synergistic effect with anti-PD1 to suppress tumor growth in a CT26 syngeneic animal model without biological toxicity. The examination of TME revealed that ciprofloxacin, alone and in combination therapy, induced M1 and red pulp macrophage production in the spleen. In tumors, M1 and M2 macrophage levels were increased by ciprofloxacin, and CD8
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.