A proposed model of the maintenance and exacerbation of body image and eating concerns in the context of problematic social network use.

Previous evidence supports the existence of a relationship between greater use of highly visual social media and heightened body image and eating concerns. However, to date, the role of problematic social network use has not been articulated in relation to these outcomes and the multiple dynamics underlying these associations need to be further conceptualized. Moreover, models of the exacerbation and maintenance of these body image concerns are lacking, and little attention has been paid to state-level predictors and maintenance factors. The aim of this position paper is to propose model of the maintenance and exacerbation of body image and eating concerns in the context of problematic social network use. Specifically, it is suggested that body image and eating concerns are associated with both generalized and specific problematic social network use through appearance-motivated use of social networks (appearance improvement seeking information, suggested/recommended appearance content engagement, and homogeneous social media experience), as well as appearance-centered online interactions (selfie behaviors, appearance feedback, and compulsive social network checking), leading to state negative affect and internalization of appearance ideals. In addition, four factors are proposed as risk (appearance feedback sensitivity, and social network rumination) and protective (social media literacy and positive body image) factors, respectively. The existing evidence supporting this model as well as future research directions are discussed.