ArticleNeurobiology of stress2025
Aggression as a contributing factor to social defeat and stress vulnerability.
Article in Neurobiology of stress, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Selective orexin receptor cross-over treatment increases resilience and expression of neuroplastic signaling genes.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Editorial: Expanding horizons in stress research-innovative paradigms and new directions in 2025.Neurobiology of stress · 2026Article
- Prevalence of aggression and its associated factors among medical sciences students.Discover mental health · 2026Article
- Social defeat stress responses in the stress alternative model are dependent on sex and anterior basolateral amygdala orexin 2 receptors.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Acute carbamoylated erythropoietin reduces social stress-induced anxiety and depression-related behaviors.Neuropharmacology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
The Stress Alternatives Model (SAM) is a social defeat/avoidance paradigm developed in our lab that reveals evolutionarily conserved escape responses in fish, hamsters, rats, and mice. During social interactions in a neutral arena, available escape routes sized exclusively for smaller test animals allow for avoidance of a social aggressor. This 4-day social interaction protocol pairs C57BL/6N test mice and a larger, novel, aggressive CD1 mouse each day. Although escape portals are available, and the CD1 aggressor is unremittingly antagonistic, only half of the mice tested utilize the escape tunnels, while escape latency dramatically decreases over time in mice that escape. We sought to determine whether aggression provided the trigger of two stress-related phenotypes that are produced by the SAM. The results suggest threat of aggression, determined by the first attack, is necessary for phenotype development, but the intensity of aggression over time does not determine which phenotype is chosen. Phenotypes are determined by responsiveness and counterbalanced neurocircuits that promote stress-resilience or vulnerability. These stress neurocircuits are modulated by orexins, through orexin 1 and 2 receptors (Orx
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