ArticleEuropean heart journal. Imaging methods and practice2025
Estimation of toe brachial index based on forefoot Doppler waveforms.
Article in European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Aims: The toe brachial index (TBI) is a standard diagnostic tool for assessing distal perfusion in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) but has several limitations. Doppler waveform characteristics of forefoot arteries, such as acceleration index (AccI), peak systolic velocity (PSV), and acceleration time (AT), present a potentially reliable and more accessible alternative for estimating TBI. This study evaluated the association between Doppler waveform characteristics and standard TBI, developed empirical equations for estimating TBI (eTBI), and assessed their accuracy, reproducibility, and clinical applicability. Methods and results: This study presents a prospective analysis of angle-corrected Doppler AccI, PSV, and AT in forefoot metatarsal arteries together with standard automated TBI in 155 limbs of PAD patients treated at Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Redhill, UK. Doppler-derived AccI, PSV, and AT were significantly associated with standard TBI ( Conclusion: Doppler waveform-derived eTBI, particularly using AccI, provides a reproducible, accurate, and clinically responsive alternative to standard TBI. These findings support its integration into routine vascular diagnostics, enhancing accessibility and diagnostic precision in PAD care. Automated eTBI acquisition could enhance screening efficiency in non-specialist settings.
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