Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40641441›Full record

ArticleMolecular ecology resources2025

'Highly-Informative' Genetic Markers Can Bias Conclusions: Examples and General Solutions.

Andy Lee, William Hemstrom, Natalie Molea, Gordon Luikart, Mark R Christie

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular ecology resources, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. A Practical Framework for GT-Seq Panel Optimization.Molecular ecology resources · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Andy LeeDepartment of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3128-737X
William HemstromDepartment of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2408-9535
Natalie MoleaWildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA.
Gordon LuikartWildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA.
Mark R ChristieDepartment of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7285-5364

Funding

Directorate for Biological Sciences
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

High-grading bias is the overestimation power in a subset of loci caused by model overfitting. Using both empirical and simulated datasets, we show that high-grading bias can cause severe overestimation of population structure, and thus mislead investigators, whenever highly informative or high-F

Indexed as

Genetics, PopulationBiasComputer SimulationGenetic MarkersGenetic Markersecological geneticsgenomics/proteomicsnatural selection and contemporary evolutionpopulation genetics—theoretical

Identifiers

PMID40641441
PMCPMC12415817

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.