ReviewDrug delivery2025
Characteristics, preparation and applicability in oral delivery systems of cellulose ether-based buccal films.
Review in Drug delivery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Protein Delivery Using Three-Dimensional Printing of Buccal Films: Technological Advances and Clinical Potential.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Cellulose and Its Derivatives in Drug Delivery: Recent Advances and Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- The Effect of the ErMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
With the rapid development of buccal films (BFs), the demand for film-forming materials and preparation techniques has increased. Cellulose ethers (CEs) exhibit favorable properties, such as effective film formation, mucosal adhesion, and biocompatibility; as such, they are most commonly employed as film-forming materials, essential for BF fabrication. CE-based BFs, classified as orodispersible and buccal mucoadhesive films, can be prepared through solvent casting, inkjet printing, three-dimensional printing, electrospinning, and hot melt extrusion. Hydrophilic CE-based orodispersible films can rapidly dissolve or disintegrate upon contact with saliva to release drugs. High-viscosity or hydrophobic CEs can serve as protective layers for BFs, controlling the unidirectional release of drugs and mitigating the effects of saliva and buccal movements. These mucoadhesive films can firmly adhere to the buccal mucosa for an extended period, prolonging drug release time and enhancing bioavailability. CEs come in various types and grades, exhibiting different rheological and physicomechanical properties, which also provide options for customized design to specific patients. This review provides an overview of CE-based BF technology, analyzes the challenges and development directions of this film, and identifies key areas for scientific research, such as the interactions of bioadhesive materials in buccal mucosal drug delivery. The objectives of this review are to (i) highlight the value of their application in oral drug delivery and (ii) promote the broader adoption of BF-based patient-centric dosing.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.