ArticleThe clinical respiratory journal2025
Causal Associations Between Cystatin and Lung Cancer: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.
Article in The clinical respiratory journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Causal relationship between oral microbiome, circulating inflammatory proteins and lung cancer: A Mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Causal Associations Between Cystatin and Lung Cancer: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.The clinical respiratory journal · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
introductionThe cystatin family is particularly relevant in lung cancer research due to its links to inflammation, protease balance, and tumor progression. Although population-based studies have documented associations between cystatin and lung cancer, causal relationships remain undetermined.
methodsBased on genomic statistics of seven different cystatins and three subtypes of lung cancer, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was the main approach for causality estimation. The weighted median, simple mode, weighted mode, and MR-Egger regression methods were further employed to validate the main findings. In the sensitivity analysis, horizontal pleiotropy was assessed by MR-Egger regression and Cochran's Q test. MR-PRESSO and Radial MR methods were used to identify heterogeneity and remove outliers.
resultsGenetically predicted Cystatin 8 was causally associated with squamous cell lung carcinoma (OR = 1.062, 95% CI: 1.004-1.124, p = 0.035). No causal relationships were found for genetically predicted cystatin 8, -B, -D, -F, or -M with squamous cell lung carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and NSCLC. However, outliers were identified between Cystatin D, -M, and -F using MR-PRESSO and Radial MR. After the removal of outliers, the association between Cystatin D and lung adenocarcinoma turned significant (OR = 1.178, 95% CI: 1.023-1.358, p = 0.023). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of main results after outliers removal.
conclusionGenetically predicted Cystatin 8 was causally associated with squamous cell lung carcinoma. Future population-based studies are required to substantiate these results.
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