ReviewPain management2025
Management of analgesia in cardiac surgery.
Review in Pain management, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Acute postoperative pain management after cardiothoracic surgery: a bibliometric analysis and future directions.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2025Review
- Pharmacological Strategies for Postoperative Pain Control in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review of Clinical Efficacy, Opioid Consumption, Patient Experience, and Nursing Care.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciencesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPain management in cardiac surgery remains a critical component of perioperative care, influencing recovery, patient satisfaction, and outcomes. Traditional opioid-based analgesia is associated with significant adverse effects, prompting the exploration of multimodal strategies, including regional anesthesia (RA), non-opioid analgesics, and enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols.This review evaluates the evolution of cardiac surgery pain management, from conventional opioid-based regimens to multimodal approaches with regional anesthesia.
methodsA comprehensive analysis of existing literature was conducted, assessing the efficacy, safety, and integration of different pain management strategies in cardiac surgery on PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, UpToDate, Embase and Web of Science until 1 November 2024. Studies on opioids, adjunct analgesics (e.g. NSAIDs, acetaminophen, ketamine, dexmedetomidine), RA techniques, and ERAS frameworks were reviewed to provide a comparative perspective.
resultsMultimodal analgesia significantly reduces opioid consumption, enhances pain control, and minimizes complications such as respiratory depression and postoperative nausea. RA techniques, including fascial plane blocks, offer promising opioid-sparing benefits. ERAS protocols further optimize recovery, yet challenges remain in standardizing approaches across institutions.
conclusionsThe future of cardiac surgery pain management lies in individualized, multimodal strategies following ERAS principles. Standardized guidelines and further research are needed to refine these protocols for widespread adoption.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.