Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40640975›Full record

ArticleBMC psychology2025

Adaptive sports programs as catalysts for social inclusion and cognitive flexibility in inclusive physical education: the mediating roles of emotional resilience and empathy.

Jingyu Shao, Zhaohang Cui, Yichen Bao

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Jingyu ShaoDepartment of Physical Education, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243000, Anhui, China.
Zhaohang CuiSchool of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116029, China.
Yichen BaoSchool of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116029, China. byc9163@163.com.

Funding

2023 Scientific Research Program for Higher Education Institutions in Anhui Province, Research on the Promotion System of Extracurricular Physical Exercise for Youth in Anhui Province under the Perspective of "Home-School-Society" Collaboration 2023AH0510762024 "Four New" Research and Reform Practice Project, Practice and Research of Badminton Teaching Mode in Colleges and Universities Based on Intelligent Video Feedback System 2023sx033
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe study explores the impact of adaptive sports programs on emotional resilience, empathy development, social inclusion, and cognitive flexibility among participants.

methodsUsing a quantitative research design, data were collected from 455 individuals actively engaged in adaptive sports programs across diverse institutions and organizations. Structural equation modeling was employed to examine the direct and indirect relationships between the constructs.

resultsThe findings reveal that adaptive sports programs significantly enhance emotional resilience and empathy development, which, in turn, positively influence social inclusion and cognitive flexibility. Mediation analysis further confirms the critical role of emotional resilience and empathy in strengthening these relationships.

conclusionThe study highlights the importance of adaptive sports programs in fostering key psychosocial and cognitive outcomes, emphasizing their potential to create inclusive and transformative environments. These insights contribute to the growing body of literature on adaptive sports and provide practical implications for policymakers, educators, and program designers aiming to promote inclusivity and personal growth through sports.

Indexed as

CognitionEmotionsEmpathyPhysical Education and TrainingPsychological DistanceResilience, PsychologicalSportsAdolescentAdultCognitive FlexibilityFemaleHumansMaleYoung AdultAdaptive sports programsCognitive flexibilityEmotional resilienceEmpathy developmentSocial inclusion

Identifiers

PMID40640975
PMCPMC12247358

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.