ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2025
Does corrective exercises influence the performance, posture, range of motion and shoulder pain of swimmers with upper crossed syndrome? randomized clinical trial.
Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07588061 (Comparative Effect of Maitland Mobilization Combined With Kendall Exercises on Pain and Postural Alignment in Adults With Upper Cross Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparative Effect of Maitland Mobilization Combined With Kendall Exercises on Pain and Postural Alignment in Adults With Upper Cross Syndrome
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Corrective exercises strongly improve posture but fail to produce consistent clinical or functional benefits in patients with upper crossed syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study sought to evaluate the effect of corrective exercises on forward head angle, forward shoulder angle, thoracic kyphosis degree, range of motion, and shoulder pain in elite front crawl swimmers presenting with upper crossed syndrome. METHODOLOGY: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 professional male swimmers aged 20 to 40 years (mean ± SD age: intervention group = 28.85 ± 6.49, control group = 27.66 ± 6.19) were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The experimental group underwent an eight-week corrective exercise program alongside their regular training. Assessment measures included photogrammetric analysis for forward head and shoulder posture angles, flexible ruler for thoracic kyphosis quantification, visual analog scale for pain evaluation, handheld chronometry for record assessment, and goniometer goniometric measurement for range of motion evaluation. After confirming normal data distribution using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Mixed ANOVA was used to assess the effects of the intervention at a significance level of 0.05.
resultsThe analysis revealed significant improvements in forward head posture (P <.001), rounded shoulders (P <.001), thoracic kyphosis (P <.001), shoulder range of motion (P <.001), and pain levels (P <.001) in the intervention group. However, no significant differences were found in performance measures such as swim record (P >.386) and stroke rate (P >.630).
conclusionCorrective exercises were effective in improving postural alignment, range of motion, and shoulder pain symptomatology, but did not significantly affect swimming performance. These findings suggest such exercises are more effective for addressing postural and clinical concerns. Further research using longer or varied protocols is recommended to explore potential performance outcomes.
trial registrationClinical trial code: IRCT20240306061185N1, registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials on 08/03/2024.
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