SynthesisBMC rheumatology2025
Prevalence of autoimmune diseases is strongly associated with average annual temperatures: systematic review and linear regression analysis.
Synthesis in BMC rheumatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Extreme temperature events and hospitalizations for 59 autoimmune diseases in Korea: A nationwide outcome-wide, time-stratified, case-crossover study.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Disease burden of inflammatory bowel disease and subtypes in older adults in 172 high- and middle-income countries: Trends from 2000 to 2023 and projections to 2040.Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association · 2026Article
- Trends in mortality due to GPA/MPA across Europe: insights from a decade of death registrations.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Real-world comparative evaluation of immune-related toxicities in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors in Greece and Sweden.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundThe incidence of autoimmune diseases in cold environments has been a topic of interest due to the observed geographical patterns and potential environmental influences on disease development. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of five main autoimmune diseases in 201 countries according to average annual temperatures.
methodsLinear regression analysis was performed for 201 countries by analyzing average annual temperatures and age-standardized rates (prevalence) of five autoimmune diseases: alopecia areata, diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A systematic review was also conducted to evaluate whether the observed correlations were supported by published original studies.
resultsThe linear regression analysis showed a strong correlation between average annual temperatures and age-standardized prevalence rates (p < 0.0001) across 201 countries. The systematic review analysis indicated that certain autoimmune diseases, such as DM type 1, RA, psoriasis and IBD, demonstrate robust associations with geographic and climatic factors. However, there were no available published data for alopecia areata.
conclusionsThese findings underscore the complexity of interactions between environmental, and genetic factors in the development of autoimmune diseases. Further investigation is required to better understand the association between temperature and prevalence of autoimmune diseases and to identify any additional epidemiological factors that contribute to autoimmune pathogenesis.
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