Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40640876›Full record

ArticleMalaria journal2025

A 3D culture model facilitates mass production of in vitro Plasmodium falciparum haemolymph-like sporozoites.

Kiara Hatzakis, Zachary MacMillen, Payton Kirtley, Maya Aleshnick, Thomas Martinson, Priya Gupta, Kristian E Swearingen, Brandon K Wilder, James W Davie, Marion Avril

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Malaria journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Kiara HatzakisMalarVx, Inc., 1551 Eastlake Ave, E Suite 100, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA.
Zachary MacMillenMalarVx, Inc., 1551 Eastlake Ave, E Suite 100, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA.
Payton KirtleyOHSU West Campus, 505 NW 185th Ave, RM 2224, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA.
Maya AleshnickOHSU West Campus, 505 NW 185th Ave, RM 2224, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA.
Thomas MartinsonOHSU West Campus, 505 NW 185th Ave, RM 2224, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA.
Priya GuptaSeattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
Kristian E SwearingenInstitute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
Brandon K WilderOHSU West Campus, 505 NW 185th Ave, RM 2224, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA.
James W DavieMalarVx, Inc., 1551 Eastlake Ave, E Suite 100, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA.
Marion AvrilMalarVx, Inc., 1551 Eastlake Ave, E Suite 100, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA. mavril@malarvx.com.

Funding

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases R01AI148489
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe in vitro cultivation of individual stages of the Plasmodium falciparum mosquito life cycle is notably challenging. The main difficulty is replicating the intricate nutrient and metabolite exchanges necessary for oocyst development and sporozoite (SPZ) formation in the three-dimensional environment of the mosquito midgut. Replicating these conditions is essential for understanding the biological interactions between mosquito and parasite, as well as advancing malaria vaccine development.

methodsAn in vitro three-dimensional system was developed that closely mimics the mosquito midgut epithelium, basal lamina, and haemolymph, facilitating the production of substantial quantities of haemolymph-like Pf SPZ.

resultsUse of an extracellular matrix-coated Alvetex

conclusionsImplementation of the Alvetex Strata scaffold, optimized medium, and improved ookinete production consistently enables in vitro generation of large quantities of haemolymph-like SPZ.

Indexed as

HemolymphPlasmodium falciparumSporozoitesAnimalsAnophelesMice3D matrixIn vitro sporozoitesOokinetePlasmodium falciparumScaffold

Identifiers

PMID40640876
PMCPMC12243369

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.