Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40640756›Full record

ArticleBMC veterinary research2025

Isolation, characterization and phylogenetic analyses of avian influenza A (H9N2) viruses isolated from poultry between 2019 and 2023 in Egypt.

Zienab Mosaad, Naglaa M Hagag, Moataz M Elsayed, Wesam H Mady, Ali M Zanaty, Zeinab A El-Badiea, Fatma Amer, Mahmoud Said, Abdullah Selim, Eman Farghally and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC veterinary research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Zienab MosaadReference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt. Drzienabmosaadvet@gmail.com.
Naglaa M HagagReference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Moataz M ElsayedReference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Wesam H MadyReference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Ali M ZanatyReference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Zeinab A El-BadieaReference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Fatma AmerReference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Mahmoud SaidReference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Abdullah SelimReference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Eman FarghallyReference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Samah EidReference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Amany AdelReference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Mahmoud M NaguibReference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Mohamed E El ZowalatyDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt. elzow005@gmail.com.
Momtaz A ShaheinReference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

Funding

Vetenskapsrådet 2021-05584
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The current study aimed to investigate the genetic characterization and evolution of low pathogenic avian influenza virus H9N2 in Egypt. Ten H9N2 viruses were recently isolated from samples collected between 2019 and 2023. Phylogenetic analysis of the haemagglutinin (HA) gene segment of the H9N2 isolates showed a relatedness with G1 H9 4.2 lineage and clustered within genotype III of the Egyptian strains identified earlier in 2018. The majority of H9N2 strains had seven and eight glycosylation sites in HA and neuraminidase (NA) respectively. All strains carried H191 and L234 residues in their hemagglutinin which are markers facilitating avian-to-human cross species barrier transmission. No stalk deletions were detected in NA gene. In addition, genetic analysis of the NA and M encoding proteins revealed the absence of substitutions associated with resistance to oseltamivir and amantadine. The NA showed S372A and R403W substitutions which were previously detected in H3N2 and H1N2 viruses that were reported in previous influenza pandemics in 1975 and 2001 respectively. Many mutations associated with virulence and mammalian infection were detected in internal proteins such as PB2(V504), PB1-F2(N66), PA (V127, L672, and L550), M2(S64), and NS1(42S). Analysis showed the presence of full-length PB1-F2 with

Indexed as

ChickensInfluenza A Virus, H9N2 SubtypeInfluenza in BirdsPoultry DiseasesAnimalsEgyptHemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza VirusNeuraminidasePhylogenyPoultryViral ProteinsHemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza VirusNeuraminidaseViral ProteinsAvian influenzaEgyptGenome sequenceH9N2HemagglutininLive bird marketsNeuraminidasePoultryReal-time RT-PCR

Identifiers

PMID40640756
PMCPMC12247231

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.