ReviewSurgical endoscopy2025
The evolution of surgical precision: addressing and advancing the hardware of robotic end-effectors.
Review in Surgical endoscopy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRobotic surgical systems have transformed modern medicine by enabling minimally invasive procedures with enhanced precision. However, current end-effector technologies face significant limitations in force feedback accuracy, environmental adaptability, and autonomous capabilities, necessitating innovative solutions to advance surgical robotics.
methodsThis comprehensive review evaluates existing end-effector technologies and emerging innovations through analysis of recent research developments. The study focuses on four key technological approaches: advanced force sensing systems utilizing piezoresistive and piezoelectric principles, flexible actuator designs incorporating smart materials, AI-enhanced autonomous operation algorithms, and novel biosensing materials with specialized properties.
resultsTechnological advancements demonstrate significant improvements in surgical capabilities: force feedback systems now achieve 583 pm/V sensitivity, flexible actuators enable precise tissue manipulation, AI algorithms accomplish autonomous suturing with 96% accuracy, and innovative materials like self-healing polymers show over 95% stress recovery. These developments collectively enhance the precision, adaptability, and functionality of surgical robotic systems.
conclusionThe future of surgical robotics lies in the continued integration of high-precision sensing, adaptive materials, and intelligent autonomous systems. Overcoming remaining challenges in material stability, regulatory approval, and clinical validation will be essential for successful translation of these technologies into surgical practice, ultimately improving patient outcomes and expanding the possibilities of minimally invasive surgery.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.