Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40640213›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

A comparative investigation of ultrasonication and magnetic stirring methods for green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Punica granatum peels.

Komal Bhandari, Niki Nautiyal, Geeta Bhandari, Archna Dhasmana, Sanjay Gupta, Saurabh Gangola, Sunil Kumar, Azmat Ali Khan, Sabiha Fatima, Pradeep Kumar

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Komal BhandariDepartment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India.
Niki Nautiyal *Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India. nikinautiyal61087@gmail.com.
Geeta BhandariHimalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, 248140, Uttarakhand, India.
Archna DhasmanaHimalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, 248140, Uttarakhand, India.
Sanjay GuptaHimalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, 248140, Uttarakhand, India.
Saurabh Gangola *Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, 248002, India. saindsaurabh@gmail.com.
Sunil KumarDepartment of Microbiology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, 248002, India.
Azmat Ali Khan *Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. azkhan@ksu.edu.sa.
Sabiha FatimaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12371, Saudi Arabia.
Pradeep KumarDepartment of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Green synthesis of nanoparticles is a safe and eco-friendly approach using plant materials as reducing and stabilizing agents for the synthesis of important nanoparticles. This study investigates the effect of ultrasonication and magnetic stirring methods on synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. In this study the zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by two methods Ultrasonication and magnetic stirring using Punica granatum (Pomegranate) fruit peels. The methods are compared in terms of their abilities to synthesize nanoparticles with desired characteristics. The research explores the potential of both methods for nanoparticles synthesis. The effects of both methods on nanoparticles size, crystallite size, functional group composition, and optical properties were investigated by different characterization techniques. The results show distinct differences in characteristics of nanoparticles between the two methods. SEM analysis reveals that ultrasonication yields nanoparticles with a size range of 57-72 nm, while magnetic stirring produces nanoparticles with a size range of 65-81 nm. XRD analysis shows that ultrasonication- synthesized nanoparticles have a larger average crystallite size (28.12 nm) compared to magnetic stirring synthesized nanoparticles (12.2 nm). UV-Visible absorption spectra demonstrate distinct optical properties with ultrasonication synthesized nanoparticles exhibiting broad absorption peaks and maximum wavelength of absorption at 240-300 nm and high absorbance ) whereas magnetic stirring synthesized nanoparticles show a single absorption peak at a wavelength of 340 nm). These findings suggest that ultrasonication produces nanoparticles with a more uniform size distribution and larger crystallite size, potentially leading to improved material properties. The findings have implications for the optimization of nanoparticle synthesis methods for various applications.

Indexed as

Green Chemistry TechnologyMetal NanoparticlesNanoparticlesPomegranateSonicationZinc OxideFruitParticle SizeX-Ray DiffractionZinc OxideCharacterizationFruit wasteGreen synthesisNanotechnologyPunica garanatumZnO nanoparticles

Identifiers

PMID40640213
PMCPMC12246170

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