ArticleClinical transplantation2025
Where Do Organ Donors Come From in the United States? An Analysis of Urban and Rural Donation.
Article in Clinical transplantation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Contribution of donor hospital characteristics to deceased donor organ recovery rates.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2026Article
- Estimating total human deaths from rabies: A statistical framework leveraging reports of rabies transmission from deceased organ and tissue donors.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Defining Veteran Rurality: An Analysis of the U.S. Veterans Health Administration Rural-Urban Taxonomy.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOne of the primary limiting factors in organ transplantation is limited supply of deceased donor allografts. Although there are multiple potential strategies to increase transplantation access, increasing donor organ supply remains a priority. This study aims to analyze the origins of donor supply based on donor and hospital ZIP codes.
methodsOrgan Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) deceased donor database was analyzed. ZIP codes were assigned Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) code based on definitions from the WWAMI Rural Health Research Center. These RUCA codes, ranging from 1 (metropolitan core) to 10 (rural), allowed for a census-based classification of donor residential ZIP codes. Donor density was calculated as donors per million population. Proportionality between donor rurality was compared to general mortality data from the CDC WONDER database. Statistical analysis was performed in Stata 17.0.
resultsRural zones and micropolitan zones supply 7.2% and 9.7% of donors despite accounting for 8.5% and 10.7% of deaths, respectively. In contrast, urban zones yield 83.1% of donors while accounting for 80.8% of deaths. Donors from rural and micropolitan regions were on average younger and more likely to have trauma-related mechanisms of death, while being less likely to be expanded criteria donors (ECD) or to have required pressor support. Lastly, rural and micropolitan donors were more likely to have written intent to donate.
conclusionThe donor supply from rural and micropolitan regions is not fully reflective of their population size or donor potential. These communities may represent a valuable opportunity to expand the national donor pool through continued outreach and collaboration.
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