Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40638062›Full record

ArticleAmbio2026

EU regulation: An unprecedented opportunity to protect children's and wildlife health from the toxic effects of lead ammunition.

Deborah J Pain, Rhys E Green, Niels Kanstrup, Rafael Mateo

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Ambio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Deborah J PainDepartment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK. pain.debbie@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8142-9017
Rhys E GreenDepartment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK.
Niels KanstrupDepartment of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 8, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
Rafael MateoInstitute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lead is highly toxic to humans and other animals; thus, many uses have been restricted. One exception is lead ammunition, which remains a source of dietary exposure to humans and wildlife. In February 2025, the European Commission published draft regulations for habitat-wide lead ammunition restrictions to protect wildlife and human, particularly children's, health. These require approval under EU processes. Under EU regulation, Maximum Levels (MLs) for lead have been set for most marketed meats to protect human health, but, surprisingly, no ML has been set for lead in game meat: Here we describe research that supports the urgent need for this. We recommend both approval of the proposed EU ban on lead ammunition use and the setting of MLs for lead in game meat as a complementary measure to aid monitoring and encourage transition to lead-free ammunition globally. These long-overdue measures would protect both children's and wildlife health.

Indexed as

LeadLead PoisoningAnimalsAnimals, WildChildEuropean UnionHumansLeadEU maximum Pb levelGame meatHealthLead ammunitionREACH regulation

Identifiers

PMID40638062
PMCPMC12672980

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.