Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40637946›Full record

Observational studyClinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico2026

Tumor size larger than 6.5 cm and microvascular invasion are comparable prognosticators for hepatocellular carcinoma: a multi-institutional observational study.

Hsing-Yu Chen, Hsin-I Tsai, Ming-Chin Yu, Wei-Chen Lee, Chih-Chi Wang, Jason Chia-Hsun Hsieh, Chiao-En Wu, Po-Ting Lin, Bo-Huan Chen, Sheng-Fu Wang and 1 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyObservational StudyComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Hsing-Yu ChenDivision of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taoyuan Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 333.
Hsin-I TsaiCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 333.
Ming-Chin YuCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 333.
Wei-Chen LeeCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 333.
Chih-Chi WangCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 333.
Jason Chia-Hsun HsiehCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 333.
Chiao-En WuCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 333.
Po-Ting LinCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 333.
Bo-Huan ChenCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 333.
Sheng-Fu WangCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 333.
Chao-Wei LeeCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 333. alanchaoweilee@hotmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6853-4557

Funding

Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou CGRPG1Q0011Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou CMRPG3P0541Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare MOHW113-CMAP-M-113-000002-DHealth Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare MOHW113-CMAP-M-113-000003-BNational Science and Technology Council MOST111-2320-B-182-035-MY3
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRecent study showed that T1 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) > 6.5 cm had survivals comparable to T2 tumors. Nevertheless, the differential impact between tumor size > 6.5 cm and microvascular invasion (mVI) on survival of HCC was rarely discussed. The current study aimed to compare the specific impact of tumor size > 6.5 cm and mVI on the survival outcome of HCC after liver resections.

methodsOperated HCC patients were identified from the Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD), and the patients with T1bN0M0 or pT2N0M0 tumors were enrolled. The survivals of patients with either tumor size > 6.5 cm, mVI, or multiple tumors were compared.

resultsFrom 2002 to 2018, a total of 3449 patients who underwent surgery for T1bN0M0 or T2N0M0 HCC were identified from the CGRD. After excluding cases who died within 30 days of surgery (n = 31), Kaplan-Meier survival analysis discovered that tumor > 6.5 cm without mVI had survivals similar to those of solitary tumor > 2 cm with mVI. Cox regression multivariate analysis further demonstrated that tumor size > 6.5 cm and mVI were independent poor prognostic factors for both mortality and tumor recurrence after surgery. Subgroup analysis further discovered that the presence of both tumor size > 6.5 cm and mVI substantially compromised survivals after liver resection.

conclusionOur study demonstrated that tumor size larger than 6.5 cm and mVI are comparable prognosticators for HCC. In addition, the presence of these two adverse factors significantly worsens HCC survival outcomes compared to the presence of either factor alone. Further studies are warranted to validate our findings.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, HepatocellularLiver NeoplasmsMicrovesselsTumor BurdenAdultAgedFemaleHepatectomyHumansKaplan-Meier EstimateMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasm InvasivenessNeoplasm StagingPrognosisRetrospective StudiesChang Gung research databaseHepatocellular carcinomaHepatomaLiver resectionMicrovascular invasionPrognosisTumor size > 6.5 cm

Identifiers

PMID40637946
PMCPMC12790520

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.