Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40637923›Full record

ArticleJournal of robotic surgery2025

A novel robot-assisted subretinal injection system: preliminary validation in ex vivo porcine eyes.

Qun Wang, Zhao Li, Chunbo Wang, Qianwei He, Ning Xu, Kunkun Yang, Na Li, Mengyao Liu, He Zhang, Liqiang Wang

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of robotic surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Cell therapy for age-related macular degeneration.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Qun Wang *Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation, Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100089, China.
Zhao Li *School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Chunbo Wang *State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
Qianwei HeSchool of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Ning XuDepartment of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation, Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100089, China.
Kunkun YangThe 961st Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Qiqihar, 161006, China.
Na LiSchool of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Mengyao LiuState Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
He ZhangState Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China. zhanghe0451@hit.edu.cn.
Liqiang WangDepartment of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation, Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100089, China. liqiangw301@163.com.

Funding

the Foundation of Independent scientific research projects in key experimental groups of military scientific research 2022SYSZZKY13
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To evaluate the application of a novel, partially automated, robot-assisted ophthalmic surgery for subretinal injection, a study was conducted comparing manual and robot-assisted injections performed by doctors of varying experience levels on fresh, isolated porcine eyes. This system was developed by a team from Harbin Institute of Technology. The core component is a specialized microneedle with adjustable puncture angle and integrated force-sensing capability. It enables flexible intraocular manipulation during subretinal injection procedures and performs autonomous retinal puncture guided by force feedback. Results showed that robot-assisted injections by all doctors achieved a 100% success rate without safety events such as retinal laceration or RPE penetration. While the senior doctor exhibited the highest manual injection success rate and lowest safety event probability, medical students showed the opposite. Compared to manual injection, robot-assisted injection demonstrated smaller needle force variation, more regular retinal "bubble" shape, and more stable subretinal fluid volume (p < 0.05). The surgical robot can accurately perform automatic subretinal injection with high success and good safety, potentially shortening the learning curve and replacing manual operation in the future.

Indexed as

Injections, IntraocularOphthalmologic Surgical ProceduresRetinaRobotic Surgical ProceduresAnimalsNeedlesSwineOphthalmic robotRobot-assisted surgeryRobotic surgerySubretinal injection

Identifiers

PMID40637923

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.