Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40637899›Full record

SynthesisJournal of neurology2025

Effects of influenza vaccination on neurodegenerative and demyelinating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Jiaxin Chen, Wenkai Zhou, Mengting Cen, Can Chen, Kexin Cao, Mengsha Chen, Rongrong Qu, Jiani Miao, Jiaxing Qi, Xiaoyue Wu and 7 more

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Jiaxin Chen *Department of Emergency Medicine of Second Affiliated Hospital, and, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Wenkai Zhou *Department of Emergency Medicine of Second Affiliated Hospital, and, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Mengting CenDepartment of Emergency Medicine of Second Affiliated Hospital, and, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Can ChenDepartment of Emergency Medicine of Second Affiliated Hospital, and, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Kexin CaoDepartment of Emergency Medicine of Second Affiliated Hospital, and, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Mengsha ChenDepartment of Emergency Medicine of Second Affiliated Hospital, and, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Rongrong QuDepartment of Emergency Medicine of Second Affiliated Hospital, and, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Jiani MiaoDepartment of Emergency Medicine of Second Affiliated Hospital, and, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Jiaxing QiDepartment of Emergency Medicine of Second Affiliated Hospital, and, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Xiaoyue WuDepartment of Emergency Medicine of Second Affiliated Hospital, and, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Huihui ZhangDepartment of Emergency Medicine of Second Affiliated Hospital, and, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Qianqian FengDepartment of Emergency Medicine of Second Affiliated Hospital, and, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Anqi DaiDepartment of Emergency Medicine of Second Affiliated Hospital, and, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Jingtong ZhouDepartment of Emergency Medicine of Second Affiliated Hospital, and, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Nani XuXihu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xihu District Health Inspection), Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China.
Xiaowei HuXihu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xihu District Health Inspection), Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China. xhjkhxw@126.com.
Shigui YangDepartment of Emergency Medicine of Second Affiliated Hospital, and, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China. yangshigui@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0147-297X

Funding

Mega-Project of National Science and Technology for the 13th Five-Year Plan of China 2018ZX10715-014-002National Key R&D Program of China 2024YFA1015600National Natural Science Foundation of China 72404242National Natural Science Foundation of China 81672005National Natural Science Foundation of China 82173577National Natural Science Foundation of China U23A20496Zhejiang Province Vanguard Goose-Leading Initiative 2024C03216
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrevious studies have highlighted potential associations between influenza vaccination (IV) and neurological outcomes, particularly neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) and demyelinating disorders (DDs). However, the existing evidence remains inconclusive. Given the widespread global uptake of IV, even small potential effects may carry important public health implications. Therefore, a comprehensive synthesis of current evidence is essential to clarify these associations and inform evidence-based vaccination strategies.

objectiveThis study aimed to systematically examine the associations between IV and NDs as well as DDs.

methodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science from database inception to November 30, 2024, to identify relevant studies. Studies meeting predefined were selected for analysis, followed by data extraction and quality assessment. Pooled odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed by population characteristics and study features, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of results.

resultA total of 64 studies were included in the analysis (22 on NDs and 44 on DDs), comprising 5,679,964,431 participants were included. IV was associated with a reduced risk of NDs (OR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.75-0.98). Subgroup analyses showed a stronger protective effect against NDs among individuals with chronic comorbidities (OR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.63-0.69) and older adults (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.69-0.99), with the protective effect increasing with age. For DDs, IV was associated with an increased risk of DDs (OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.22-2.12). Elevated risks were primarily observed in earlier studies (OR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.23-3.77) and in populations who received pandemic influenza vaccines (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.44-2.86). However, no statistically significant association between influenza vaccination and DDs was found in studies conducted after 2010 (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 0.90-1.41). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings, and no significant publication bias was detected.

conclusionIV was associated with a reduced risk of NDs, particularly among older adults and individuals with chronic comorbidities. Although an increased risk of DDs was observed in earlier studies and among recipients of pandemic IV, no significant association was found in studies conducted over the past decade. Given the protective benefits of IV against both influenza itself and NDs in elderly individuals and those with chronic health conditions, expanding IV coverage in these vulnerable groups is strongly recommended.

Indexed as

Demyelinating DiseasesInfluenza, HumanInfluenza VaccinesNeurodegenerative DiseasesVaccinationHumansInfluenza VaccinesDemyelinating disordersInfluenza vaccinationMeta-analysisNeurodegenerative disorders

Identifiers

PMID40637899

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.