Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40637540›Full record

ArticleThe British journal of nutrition2025

Nutrient gaps and dietary adequacy among adolescent girls in rural North-Eastern Ghana: the role of local food-based approaches, school lunch and multiple-micronutrient fortified biscuits.

Fusta Azupogo, Karin J Borgonjen-van den Berg, Richmond Aryeetey, Inge D Brouwer

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The British journal of nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Fusta AzupogoInstitute for Global Nutrition and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0467-0856
Karin J Borgonjen-van den BergDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0960-4487
Richmond AryeeteySchool of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4667-592X
Inge D BrouwerDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2554-7227

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A local food-based approach, including school lunch with multiple-micronutrient fortified biscuits (MMB) as supplementary snacks, may enhance dietary adequacy, although current evidence remains limited. This study assessed nutrient inadequacies and developed food-based dietary recommendations (FBR) incorporating school lunch from the Ghana School Feeding Programme (GSFP) and MMB. Data from 292 girls aged 10-17 years, enrolled in the Ten2Twenty-Ghana study was analysed. Dietary intake was assessed via a quantitative 24-h dietary recall. Usual intakes were estimated using the National Cancer Institute method. Linear programming with Optifood was used to develop FBRs based on commonly consumed foods (≥5% of participants) and their median serving sizes, intake frequency, nutrient content, and cost per 100 g. Constraints included estimated energy needs and harmonised average nutrient requirements. The mean usual energy intake was 2351 (sd 66) kcal/d. Ca (99·8 %), vitamin B

Indexed as

DietFood, FortifiedFood ServicesMicronutrientsAdolescentChildEnergy IntakeFemaleGhanaHumansLunchNutritional RequirementsNutritional StatusRural PopulationSchoolsMicronutrientsAdolescent girlsDietary adequacyFood-based recommendationsGhanaMultiple-micronutrient fortified foodNutrient gapsOptifoodSchool lunch

Identifiers

PMID40637540
PMCPMC12433747

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.