Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40637517›Full record

ArticlePediatric pulmonology2025

Temperature and Humidity During Different Neonatal Respiratory Support Modes: An In-Vitro Performance of Four Heated Humidifiers.

Emanuela Zannin, Camilla Rigotti, Stefano Robbiani, Raffale L Dellacà, Maria Luisa Ventura

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric pulmonology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Emanuela ZanninNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5834-3837
Camilla RigottiNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-3464
Stefano RobbianiTechRes Lab, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.
Raffale L DellacàTechRes Lab, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3672-4591
Maria Luisa VenturaNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.

Funding

The authors received no specific funding for this work.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAdequate heating and humidification of inspired gas are crucial in preterm infants requiring respiratory support. Our objective was to compare the temperature (T) and absolute humidity (AH) achieved with different neonatal heated humidifiers commonly used during different respiratory support modes and respiratory settings.

methodsFour neonatal heated humidifiers were tested at different gas flow rates and during conventional and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation at clinically relevant settings. The patient was simulated using a neonatal test lung placed in a neonatal incubator warmed at 37°C. Temperature and relative humidity were measured using a thermohygrometer placed proximal to the test lung and used to calculate AH.

resultsMeasured temperature and humidity varied among heated humidifiers and respiratory support settings. The bias flow was the primary determinant of the measured temperature and humidity: temperature and AH significantly increased with flow. When the flow through the chamber was below 5 L/min the MR950 produced T < 36.7°C and AH < 37 g/m

conclusionThe temperature and humidity proximal to the patients' airways might vary considerably based on the heated humidifiers and the flow through the chamber. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the effect of such variability on the patients.

Indexed as

High-Frequency VentilationHumidifiersHumidityRespiration, ArtificialTemperatureHot TemperatureHumansInfant, NewbornInfant, Prematurehumidifiershumidityinfantmechanical ventilationprematuretemperature

Identifiers

PMID40637517
PMCPMC12243696

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.