Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40637348›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2025

Longitudinal Association of Inflammatory Diets on Cognition in Older Adults: Insights from the Oral-Gut-Brain Axis.

Yi-Chun Chou, Ming-Lun Han, Tina H T Chiu, Meei-Shyuan Lee, Jeng-Min Chiou, Jen-Hau Chen, Yen-Ching Chen

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Yi-Chun ChouDepartment of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Ming-Lun HanDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Tina H T ChiuNational Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Huwei, Yunlin, Taiwan.
Meei-Shyuan LeeSchool of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
Jeng-Min ChiouInstitute of Statistics and Data Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Jen-Hau ChenDepartment of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Yen-Ching ChenInstitute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Funding

National Science and Technology Council 100-2314-B-002-103National Science and Technology Council 101-2314-B-002-126-MY3National Science and Technology Council 103-2314-B-002-033-MY3National Science and Technology Council 104-2314-B-002-038-MY3National Science and Technology Council 107-2314-B-002-186-MY3National Science and Technology Council 107-2314-B-002-230National Science and Technology Council 108-2314-B-002-128-MY2National Science and Technology Council 110-2314-B-002-068National Science and Technology Council 110-2314-B-002-129-MY3National Science and Technology Council 111-2314-B-002-090-MY3National Science and Technology Council 113-2314-B-002-188-MY3
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe oral-gut-brain axis is known to influence dementia development, but the interactions between an inflammatory diet, inflammatory conditions such as periodontitis and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, and their effects on cognitive function remain unclear. This study aims to investigate how periodontitis and Hp infection affect the association between an inflammatory diet and cognitive performance.

methodsThis prospective cohort study was conducted from 2011 to 2019, involving community-dwelling older adults (≥ 65 years old) without dementia, recruited between 2011 and 2013 (N = 511). At baseline, dietary inflammatory potential was assessed by the Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Index (EDII) using a 44-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Periodontal status was evaluated by a dentist, and Hp immunoglobulin G levels were measured. Global and domain-specific cognitive functions were assessed at baseline and during three biennial follow-ups. A generalized linear mixed model was used to examine the association between the EDII and cognitive function, adjusting for important covariates. Stratified analyses were further conducted by periodontal status and Hp seropositivity, respectively.

resultsOne unit increase in the EDII, indicating a more pro-inflammatory diet, was associated with poor memory performance (Logical Memory-immediate free recall:

conclusionsThe association between an inflammatory diet and memory may be more pronounced in older adults with periodontitis and Hp seropositivity. These findings support the relevance of healthy eating, oral health maintenance, and Hp management in maintaining cognitive health.

Indexed as

Brain-Gut AxisCognitionDietHelicobacter InfectionsInflammationPeriodontitisAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHelicobacter pyloriHumansIndependent LivingLongitudinal StudiesMaleProspective Studiescognitive impairmentdementiaEmpirical Dietary Inflammatory IndexHelicobacter pylori infectionperiodontitis

Identifiers

PMID40637348
PMCPMC12460988

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.