ArticleJournal of internal medicine2025
Amiodarone induced thyroid dysfunction: A high cumulative incidence in a nationwide cohort study in Iceland.
Article in Journal of internal medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biphasic Amiodarone-Induced Thyroid Dysfunction: De Novo Hypothyroidism Followed by Delayed Type 2 Thyrotoxicosis: A Case Report.The Permanente journal · 2026Article
- Amiodarone induced thyroid dysfunction: A high cumulative incidence in a nationwide cohort study in Iceland.Journal of internal medicine · 2025Article
- Challenges to the Long-Term Safety Claims of Extremely Low-Dose Amiodarone: Pulmonary, Thyroid, Hepatic, and Statistical Concerns.Journal of arrhythmia · 2025Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAmiodarone induced thyroid dysfunction (AITD) is divided into amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) and amiodarone induced hypothyroidism (AIH). The prevalence of them varies from 1.2% to 12% for AIT and 12%-17% for AIH.
objectivesTo study the incidence and complications of AITD.
methodsThe cohort comprised all euthyroid patients who filled their first amiodarone prescription in Iceland in 2014, 262 persons. Data were gathered with chart review, and diagnosis confirmed with thyroid function tests. The cumulative incidence accounting for death as a competing risk was estimated for AIT, AIH, and AITD with three separate Fine-Gray models.
resultsThe overall incidence of AIT, AIH, and AITD was 9.2% (95% CI: 5.6%-12.7%), 13.4% (95% CI: 9.2%-17.5%), and 22.5% (95% CI: 17.4%-27.6%), respectively, and the 5-year cumulative incidence in the same order was 19.0% (95% CI: 11.9%-25.5%), 21.8% (95% CI: 14.7%-28.2%), and 38.5% (95% CI: 30.4%-45.7%). The highest yearly incidence rate of AIT was 9.8% during the third treatment year, and for AIH, it was 9.8% during the first year of treatment. The complications of AIT were hypothyroidism (8%), thyroidectomy (8%), hospitalizations (36%), and death (4%). Most patients (91.7%) with AIH were placed on thyroid replacement therapy. DISCUSSION: Nearly 40% of patients taking amiodarone for 5 years acquire thyroid dysfunction, which is higher than previously described. Frequent monitoring of thyroid function should be considered during the high-risk periods of the first and third treatment years.
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