Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40636811›Full record

ArticleBrain communications2025

Neuroimaging phenotype characterization of early aggressive and late severe multiple sclerosis: a case-control study.

Robert Zivadinov, Niels Bergsland, Alexander Bartnik, Dejan Jakimovski, Ferdinand Schweser, Svetlana P Eckert, David Hojnacki, Murali Ramanathan, Ralph H B Benedict, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Brain communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Frailty Exacerbates Disability in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Robert ZivadinovBuffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
Niels BergslandBuffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7792-0433
Alexander BartnikBuffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
Dejan JakimovskiBuffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7114-4958
Ferdinand SchweserBuffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0399-9211
Svetlana P EckertDepartment of Neurology, Jacobs Comprehensive Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Research Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
David HojnackiDepartment of Neurology, Jacobs Comprehensive Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Research Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
Murali RamanathanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
Ralph H B BenedictDepartment of Neurology, Jacobs Comprehensive Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Research Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
Bianca Weinstock-GuttmanDepartment of Neurology, Jacobs Comprehensive Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Research Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
Michael G DwyerBuffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4684-4658

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A subgroup of multiple sclerosis patients experiences a severe form of the disease. Although there is a lack of consensus regarding the definition of severe multiple sclerosis, it can follow two distinct temporal disability trajectories. Early aggressive multiple sclerosis is characterized by reaching an Expanded Disability Status Scale score of ≥6.0 in less than 10 years from disease onset or before reaching 40 years of age, while the same disability is reached in late severe multiple sclerosis patients over more than 10 years from onset or after the age of 40. We investigated neuroimaging phenotypes in aggressive/severe multiple sclerosis. From a retrospective, 16-year longitudinal Biomarker Understanding for Future Findings and Advancements for Long-term Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis database, out of 3863 multiple sclerosis patients, 86 early aggressive and 368 late severe multiple sclerosis patients were included. Propensity matching for age, sex, race, disease duration, MRI scanner type and imaging protocol was used to identify early non-aggressive matched (

Indexed as

cortical lesionsearly aggressivegrey matter atrophylate severemultiple sclerosis

Identifiers

PMID40636811
PMCPMC12238752

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.