Infection Leading to Breast Abscess Formation in Pregnancy: A Case Report.

Introduction: Breast abscess, the most severe complication of mastitis, occurs when an infection spreads through the nipple into the breast tissue, contaminating the milk ducts and forming a purulent cavity. Nonetheless, this condition is less common in pregnant women. Case Presentation: A 26-year-old Chinese woman with G1P0 singleton at 33 weeks of pregnancy presented with right breast pain and lumps without obvious triggers, accompanied by enlarged right axillary lymph nodes and a large amount of pus with a peculiar odor in the right breast. After breast ultrasonography, cytological puncture smear, pus culture, and metagenomic next-generation sequencing, the patient was confirmed to have gestational mastitis with Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of close monitoring of pus characteristics (eg, color, odor, and volume) in pregnancy-associated breast abscesses to expedite the diagnosis of infectious mastitis and pathogen identification. Treatment with small incision drainage and targeted antibiotics during pregnancy significantly improved the outcomes. Postpartum breast milk return and combined antibiotic therapy further contributed to the resolution of inflammation.