Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40636383›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in medicine2025

Global, regional and national burden of Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in adolescents and adults aged 15-49 years from 1990 to 2021: results from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study.

Biwu Xu, Hailong Li, Yijie Pi, Kaiyuan Li

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Biwu Xu *Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China.
Hailong Li *Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
Yijie Pi *Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
Kaiyuan LiGraduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: With rising obesity and diabetes rates, the incidence of Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) among individuals aged 15-49 is increasing, affecting their productivity, health, and quality of life. However, a comprehensive global assessment of MASLD burden and long-term trends in this age group remains lacking. Methods: The study analyzed prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for individuals aged 15-49 using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study. Trends from 1990 to 2021 were assessed using Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC), with data stratified by Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), sex, and age. Results: Between 1990 and 2021, the number of individuals with MASLD increased from 343 to 666 million, reflecting an average annual growth rate of 0.95%. The number of MASLD-related deaths increased from 7,920 to 15,110, corresponding to an average annual growth rate of 0.8%. Over the same period, DALYs climbed from 399,000 to 751,000, indicating an increase of approximately 0.77%. Low-SDI regions showed the fastest growth in mortality and DALYs, whereas some high-SDI areas, notably high-income Asia Pacific, demonstrated a decline in these measures. Regarding sex-based differences, males exhibited a higher growth rate of MASLD-related deaths and DALYs compared to females, although the increase in prevalence was more pronounced among females. Age-group analysis revealed that the 45-49 years group experienced the most significant surge in MASLD burden. Conclusion: Over the past three decades, the global burden of MASLD has risen significantly, especially in regions with rapidly increasing obesity rates. Despite progress in some high-income countries, the persistent escalation in low-income regions underscores the urgency for targeted interventions.

Indexed as

DALYsGBD 2021Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver diseaseprevalence trendssocioeconomic disparities

Identifiers

PMID40636383
PMCPMC12237898

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.