ArticleInternational journal of critical illness and injury science
High mobility group box 1 as a biomarker for lumbar disc herniation severity in chronic low back pain.
Article in International journal of critical illness and injury science. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Arginase 1 as a candidate immune-metabolic biomarker in lumbar disc herniation: integrated bioinformatics, experimental validation, and clinical evidence.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic low back pain (LBP) is a widespread condition that significantly affects daily life. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a proinflammatory cytokine, may contribute to the pathophysiology of LBP, particularly in relation to nucleus pulposus herniation (NHP). This study aimed to examine the correlation between herniation severity and lumbosacral HMGB1 levels in chronic LBP patients. Methods: This analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in 2023 at Anutapura General Hospital, Palu. A total of 64 chronic LBP patients participated. Serum HMGB1 levels were measured, and magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess herniation severity. Pain severity was evaluated using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Results: The mean HMGB1 level was 4701 (±1001.88). LBP onset was most common between 4 and 12 months (mean duration: 11.52 ± 5.54 months), with pain more frequently located on the right side (59%). Grade 3 herniation occurred most often (59%), and moderate pain (NPRS score 6) was the most common. HMGB1 levels peaked in Grade 2 herniation (5939.10 ± 873.26). NPRS scores increased with herniation severity, but weak correlations were found between NHP and HMGB1 ( Conclusions: No strong relationship was found between NHP and HMGB1 levels in chronic LBP patients. Further studies are needed to clarify HMGB1's role in LBP pathophysiology and its potential as a biomarker for disease severity or treatment response.
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