Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40636046›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychology2025

Exploring musical self-efficacy and performance anxiety in young violin learners: insights from mainland China.

Jiayi Ou, Chao Qin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Jiayi OuDepartment of Musicology, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Chao QinSchool of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Yunnan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Music self-efficacy (MSE) and music performance anxiety (MPA) are critical issues in music education. This study examines MSE, including both music learning self-efficacy (MLSE) and music performance self-efficacy (MPSE), as well as MPA, among undergraduate violin students in mainland China. Methods: Data were collected via an online survey distributed to students from 11 music conservatories, resulting in 254 valid responses. Results and discussion: The results revealed moderate levels of MLSE and MPSE, with no significant gender differences. Differences were observed across academic years, with lower-year students reporting higher MLSE and MPSE than upper-year students. Conservatory level also influenced MLSE and MPSE, with A-level students scoring higher than B- and C-level students. MPA levels were generally high, but no gender or academic year differences were observed. However, a U-shaped pattern of MPA across conservatory levels was identified, with A- and C-level students experiencing higher anxiety than B-level students. Notably, MLSE was positively associated with MPA, while MPSE showed a negative association, suggesting that the two types of self-efficacy play divergent roles in MPA. These findings indicate that while MLSE and MPSE are moderately correlated, they differentially influence violin students' MPA.

Indexed as

musical instrument educationmusic anxietymusic learning self-efficacymusic performance self-efficacyviolin undergraduates

Identifiers

PMID40636046
PMCPMC12239020

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.