Biomechanical Assessment and Clinical Outcomes in Meniscal Root Tears Management.

Introduction: Meniscal root tears (MRTs) disrupt knee biomechanics, leading to meniscal extrusion, joint instability, and osteoarthritis progression. They are classified as degenerative or traumatic, with varying etiologies and clinical implications. Objectives: The objectives were to evaluate the etiology, biomechanics, management strategies, and outcomes of MRTs, focusing on the effectiveness of surgical repair in preserving knee function and delaying osteoarthritis. Materials and Method: A review of recent literature was conducted, analyzing key aspects of MRTs, including pathogenesis, biomechanical consequences, management approaches, and patient outcomes. Studies assessing surgical techniques, non-operative treatment, and partial meniscectomy were included in the study. Result: Degenerative MRTs were common in older, obese individuals with varus alignment, whereas traumatic MRTs occurred in younger patients with concomitant injuries. Surgical repair demonstrated favorable short-term outcomes, including reduced extrusion and improved clinical scores, but challenges such as persistent extrusion and long-term cartilage damage persisted. Non-operative treatment and partial meniscectomy offered limited benefits, with higher risks of osteoarthritis progression. Conclusion: MRTs significantly impact knee joint health, requiring timely diagnosis and individualized management. Surgical repair remains the gold standard, restoring knee kinematics and delaying osteoarthritis, although long-term outcomes need further optimization. Personalized treatment strategies based on patient-specific factors are essential for improved care.