Case Report: Polymyxin B-induced anaphylactic shock.

Rationale: Polymyxin B is a widely used antibiotic in clinical practice, and anaphylactic shock represents a severe adverse drug reaction. Reports of polymyxin B-induced anaphylactic shock are rare in the existing literature. Patient concerns: A 67-year-old male patient in the recovery phase of cerebral infarction presented with fever. The suspected pathogen responsible for his pulmonary infection was drug-resistant Diagnosis: Consider the anaphylactic shock induced by polymyxin B. Interventions: Adrenaline was administered via intramuscular injection, and a micro-pump of metaraminol was utilized for infusion. Fluid resuscitation, intravenous dexamethasone administration, and nebulized budesonide were also performed. Consequently, the patient's blood pressure gradually returned to normal levels. Outcome: The patient was transferred to the respiratory department for further treatment. Lessons: To prevent serious adverse reactions, it is essential to strictly adhere to indications and contraindications to avoid misuse and minimize the occurrence of adverse effects. Prior to medication administration, a thorough inquiry into the patient's drug allergy history and family history should be conducted.