Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40635691›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2025

Closed-system manufacturing of therapeutic NK cells using automated cell enrichment and concentration processes enables scalable, robust and cost-effective solutions.

Nina Kok, Zoë Dekkers, Anica Loos, Thomas Bos, Puck van den Broek, Inge Post, Bertine Niessen, Jan Spanholtz, Volker Huppert, Monica Raimo

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Nina Kok *Glycostem Therapeutics, Oss, Netherlands.
Zoë Dekkers *Glycostem Therapeutics, Oss, Netherlands.
Anica LoosGlycostem Therapeutics, Oss, Netherlands.
Thomas BosGlycostem Therapeutics, Oss, Netherlands.
Puck van den BroekGlycostem Therapeutics, Oss, Netherlands.
Inge PostGlycostem Therapeutics, Oss, Netherlands.
Bertine NiessenGlycostem Therapeutics, Oss, Netherlands.
Jan SpanholtzGlycostem Therapeutics, Oss, Netherlands.
Volker HuppertGlycostem Therapeutics, Oss, Netherlands.
Monica RaimoGlycostem Therapeutics, Oss, Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Cell therapy is a promising field with the potential to improve outcomes for cancer and autoimmune disease patients. However, its complex and resource-intensive manufacturing requires costly infrastructure. Current processes, adapted from academic research, involve open handlings, manual processing, and repurposed equipment from biologics applications, raising quality and safety risks while increasing manufacturing costs. Closed, automated manufacturing systems can overcome these limitations. Methods: Allogeneic therapeutic natural killer (NK) cells can be generated from umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived CD34 Results: Efficiency of CD34 Discussion: This study presents an agile solution using a single piece of equipment during two steps of a complex NK cell manufacturing process. This approach ensures closed system safety, automation, high consistency, and cost-effectiveness, enabling the successful delivery of high-quality allogeneic NK cell therapies to patients.

Indexed as

allogeneic cell therapycell therapy manufacturingCliniMACS Prodigyclosed system manufacturingGMPgood manufacturing practiceNK cell therapyprocess automation

Identifiers

PMID40635691
PMCPMC12238007

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.