Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40635163›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2025

Leptin levels are associated with body mass index and Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome.

Lorena Sordo, Annie Du, Vinutha Sandadi, Farheen B Dustagheer, Jesse Pascual, Phong Ngo, Christy L Hom, Eric Doran, Elizabeth Head

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Leptin levels are associated with body mass index and Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Lorena SordoDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7016-6706
Annie DuDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Vinutha SandadiDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Farheen B DustagheerDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Jesse PascualDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Phong NgoDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Christy L HomDepartment of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Eric DoranDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Elizabeth HeadDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.

Funding

The Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at the University of California, IrvineP30AG066519 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI Mathew Mark Blurton-Jones · 2020 to 2026
$27.9M
Institute for Clinical and Translational ScienceUM1TR004927 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI DAN M COOPER, Eric J. Vilain · 2024 to 2026
$12.2M
BrightFocus Foundation A2022021FNCATS NIH HHS UM1 TR004927NIA NIH HHS P30AG066519
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionHigher body mass index (BMI) is linked to greater risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and elevated plasma leptin levels correlate with cognitive decline and AD. Since obesity is a frequent feature in individuals with Down syndrome (DS), we investigated the association between obesity, the leptin pathway, and AD neuropathology in people with DS.

methodsPlasma concentrations of leptin and AD biomarkers were measured in 40 individuals (aged controls, Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease [DSAD], and AD participants). Frontal cortex leptin, leptin receptors (LepRs), and leptin-associated proteins were measured in 73 individuals with DS, DSAD, and AD, and compared to age-matched controls using immunohistochemistry.

resultsIndividuals with DSAD had the highest plasma leptin levels, as well as the highest leptin resistance index and brain leptin deficiency. Plasma leptin levels were significantly associated with staging of AD neuropathology. DISCUSSION: Leptin has the potential to be an early indicator and therapeutic target for AD in people with and without DS. HIGHLIGHTS: Plasma leptin levels are increased in Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease (DSAD). Leptin resistance and brain leptin deficiency are present in Down syndrome (DS) and DSAD. Plasma leptin levels are positively associated with staging of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseBody Mass IndexDown SyndromeLeptinAgedBiomarkersFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedReceptors, LeptinBiomarkersLeptinReceptors, LeptinAlzheimer's diseaseDown syndromeleptinleptin resistanceobesity

Identifiers

PMID40635163
PMCPMC12240871

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.