Blended clustering energy efficient routing and PUF based authentication in IoT enabled smart agriculture systems.

This study presents a simulation-based approach to improving energy efficiency and security in IoT-based smart agriculture systems. The suggested architecture combines a new Blended Clustering Energy Efficient Routing (BCEER) protocol with an authentication mechanism based on Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) to respond to the main issues in resource-limited, sensor-oriented settings. BCEER maximizes cluster head selection using adaptive energy thresholds to minimize communication overhead and ensure extended network lifetime. Moreover, authentication based on PUF provides hardware-level identity authentication through challenge-response pairs, without demanding heavy cryptography computation, to improve security. For safe signal processing, polynomial approximation techniques were analyzed for sign function approximation, and error analysis indicated improving accuracy as the approximation degree grows. The findings show that the hybrid method enhances energy distribution, enhances authentication, and provides computationally efficient signal processing, making the system relevant for efficient and secure large-scale deployment in intelligent farming IoT networks.