ArticleBritish journal of anaesthesia2025
Orexinergic projections to substantia innominata mediate arousal and analgesia.
Article in British journal of anaesthesia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding neural circuits involved in anaesthesia is crucial for improving its safety and efficacy. Lateral hypothalamic area orexinergic neurones (LHA
methodsCombining optogenetics, fibre photometry, electroencephalography, and electromyography allowed us to manipulate orexin activities while simultaneously recording local ligand release and global cortical activities during isoflurane anaesthesia. Brain slice electrophysiology revealed the synaptic connections in SI, while RNAscope was used to examine the distribution of orexin receptors and downstream neuronal types.
resultsPresynaptic vesicles were identified in the orexin-releasing axon terminals in SI, where 49.2% of cells expressed orexin receptor-2 (OX2R) and 6.8% expressed orexin receptor-1 (OX1R). Orexin release in SI was reversibly suppressed by isoflurane. Optogenetic activation of the LHA
conclusionsHypothalamic area orexinergic neurones innervate substantia innominata neurones to regulate both arousal and pain predominantly through orexin receptor-2.
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