ArticleJAMA network open2025
Interstitial Lung Disease and Risk of Lung Cancer.
Article in JAMA network open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Fluoroquinolone Exposure and Cancer Risk in Interstitial Lung Disease: A Propensity-Score-Matched Cohort Study Using Cox and Competing-Risk Models.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Quantitative lung tissue functional analysis for pulmonary adverse event risk assessment prior to thoracic radiotherapy.Physics and imaging in radiation oncology · 2026Article
- Lung cancer in interstitial lung disease: a matched case-control and cohort analysis.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- [Surgical Management of Lung Cancer in Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2026Review
- The mechano-immunological barrier in fibrosis-associated lung cancer: targeting matrix stiffness and the Piezo1 axis for microenvironment normalization.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Chronic mechanical irritation as a potential contributor to nasal fibroma formation in a captive Javanese cownose ray (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- The Role of Antifibrotic Therapy in Pulmonary Fibrosis and Lung Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis.Biomedicines · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: An association between interstitial lung disease (ILD) and lung cancer has been hypothesized but never established. To date, whether this potential association persists after controlling for genetic factors has not been addressed. Objective: To evaluate the association between ILD and the subsequent risk of different histological subtypes of lung cancer in the general population and a sibling-controlled cohort. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study incorporated both population-based and sibling-controlled designs and used data from the Swedish Total Population Register and Swedish Multi-generation Register. Participants included individuals born between 1932 and 1987, with follow-up starting January 1, 1987, and continuing until December 31, 2016. Data were analyzed from February 15, 2024, to January 30, 2025. Exposures: ILD. Main Outcomes and Measures: The association between ILD and lung cancer was evaluated using multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. Results: Among the 5 425 976 individuals involved in this study (14 624 with ILD and 5 411 352 from the general population), 2 779 108 (51.2%) were male and most (2 068 062 [38.1%]) were 20 to 40 years of age. Among patients with ILD, most (9630 [65.9%]) were older than 40 years. During a 30-year follow-up period, 40 592 cases of lung cancer were diagnosed among those without ILD (incidence rate, 26.2 per 100 000 person-years) and 227 cases among those with ILD (incidence rate, 355.4 per 100 000 person-years). After adjusting for sex, age, calendar period, educational attainment, and smoking-related diseases, individuals with ILD had a higher risk of lung cancer (HR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.89-2.46). Sibling-controlled analyses showed a higher risk (HR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.98-4.27). Elevated risks were observed for adenocarcinoma (HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.28-2.01), squamous cell carcinoma (HR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.99-3.29), small cell carcinoma (HR, 3.29; 95% CI, 2.32-4.68), and other histological types (HR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.78-3.01). Results from sibling-controlled analyses generally mirrored these findings. Conclusions and Relevance: This large prospective cohort study found that ILD was associated with increased risk of most histological subtypes of lung cancer. Therefore, the presence of ILD should be included in lung cancer risk assessment models.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.