ArticleInternational journal of clinical pharmacy2026
Global, regional, and national burden of lip and oral cavity cancer and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2021: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.
Article in International journal of clinical pharmacy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Burden, Trends and Projection of Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer in Central, Eastern and Western Europe: From the Global Burden of Disease 2023 Study.International dental journal · 2026Article
- Evolving Landscape for Artificial Intelligence in the Diagnosis and Histopathologic Assessment of Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer.Head and neck pathology · 2026Review
- A WeChat mini-program-based perioperative cognitive management tool (WACDAM): development and clinical evaluation in elderly patients undergoing oromaxillofacial malignancy surgery-a mixed-methods study.Perioperative medicine (London, England) · 2026Article
- The impact of patient age on the oncological prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2026Article
- Global Burden of Oral Disorders in Adults Aged ≥65, 1990 to 2021: A Systematic Analysis of Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.International dental journal · 2026Article
- Nanostructured implants for enhanced integration and localized therapy.BioImpacts : BI · 2026Review
- Burden of lip and oral cavity cancer among young people across South, East, and Southeast Asia: trends from 1990 to 2021 and predictions to 2030.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLip and oral cavity cancer is a significant global health concern, with increasing incidence rates in recent years. Understanding epidemiological trends and their associated risk factors is crucial for effective prevention and management.
aimThis study aimed to analyze global, regional, and national trends in lip and oral cavity cancer incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021 to assess key risk factors and sociodemographic influences to support clinical pharmacy interventions and improve patient outcomes.
methodLip and oral cavity cancer burden was analyzed by location, age, and sex. Joinpoint regression assessed trends, Spearman correlation measured sociodemographic index (SDI) associations, and decomposition analysis quantified population growth, aging, and epidemiological impacts. Cross-country disparities and risk factors were also evaluated.
resultsIn 2021, there were 421,577 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 389,879-449,782) new lip and oral cavity cancer cases, 208,379 (95% UI: 191,288-224,162) deaths, and 5,874,070 (95% UI: 5,326,986-6,347,557) DALYs globally, with the highest burden in South Asia. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) increased significantly, while the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rate slightly declined. Men and older adults had higher rates, but the increase was more pronounced in women and younger populations. ASIR correlated positively with SDI, while cross-country inequalities persisted, particularly in low-SDI regions. The contribution of tobacco chewing to lip and oral cavity cancer deaths and DALYs slightly increased.
conclusionThe incidence of lip and oral cavity cancer continues to increase, with a shifting burden on younger individuals and women. Targeted interventions to reduce risk factors and improve access to healthcare are essential for high-risk populations and regions.
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