ArticleACS biomaterials science & engineering2025
Bioinspired 3D Bone Model: Mimicking the Cortical-Spongy Bone Architecture and Biology for Enhanced Physiological Representation of Bone.
Article in ACS biomaterials science & engineering, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
3D bone models are essential for studying bone physiology, developing therapies, and reducing animal use. Inspired by the hierarchical anatomy of the bone, we shaped previously developed gellan gum-hydroxyapatite spongy-like hydrogels into an outer ring and an inner disc to anatomically represent the cortical and spongy bone, respectively. Biomaterial properties remained stable postmolding, with the polymeric networks absorbing up to 500% of water and exhibiting 4 kPa stiffness. The outer ring was populated with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBM-MSCs) and showed the expression of osteogenic genes (ALP/Runx-2/OPN/BSP) by day 14, with ALP and Runx-2 upregulated from day 7 (
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