SynthesisBJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2025
Effects of Race, Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Deprivation on Postpartum Haemorrhage in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Laparoscopic Versus Robot-Assisted Sacrocolpopexy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Pooled it
- Estimating the incidence and risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage from the national ENACT network.npj health systems · 2026Article
- Prediction of Postpartum Haemorrhage After Labour Induction: An Internally Validated 10-Hour Risk-Stratification Threshold.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPostpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. While individual studies have revealed disparities in outcomes, a comprehensive summary of PPH risk across diverse groups is lacking.
objectivesTo quantify the association between ethnicity, deprivation and risk of PPH in high-income countries (HICs). SEARCH STRATEGY: A systematic search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and Google Scholar from inception to 20 August 2024. SELECTION CRITERIA: Observational and experimental studies from HICs that reported the outcome of PPH in at least two ethnic or socioeconomic groups. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers performed independent data extraction. A random-effects model was used to estimate the risk. A subgroup analysis was performed by geographical region and time period. MAIN
resultsA total of 79 studies with 169 579 388 women were included, spanning 15 HICs. Ethnic minority women experienced a higher risk of PPH compared to the majority White or European group. This was seen across Black (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.09, 1.23), Asian (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.27, 1.39), Hispanic (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.12, 1.29) and women from the minority ethnic group within a given study (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.03,1.24). Due to data limitations, eight studies on PPH and socioeconomic status were summarised narratively, indicating a higher PPH risk for those experiencing deprivation.
conclusionsWomen from an ethnic minority background or exposed to socioeconomic deprivation had an increased risk of PPH in HICs. Standardisation of data collection for ethnicity and socioeconomic status is recommended to accurately quantify and address these disparities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.